为李进同志题所摄庐山仙人洞照

七绝•《为李进同志题所摄庐山仙人洞照》
一九六一年九月九日

暮色苍茫看劲松，
乱云飞渡仍从容。
天生一个仙人洞，
无限风光在险峰。

这首诗最早发表在人民文学出版社一九六三年十二月版《毛主席诗词》。
仙人洞，在庐山佛手岩下，牯岭之西，高约两丈，深广各三四丈，传为唐朝仙人吕洞宾所居，故名。李进即江青。

[题释]1959年夏，李进（即江青）在一天黄昏，在仙人洞右侧“仙路”转弯处拍摄了一张暮色中锦绣峰上的御碑亭照片。照片的右上角有一苍劲的松枝 相衬，呈现出一种特定的环境、背景和气息。1961年毛泽东在这幅照片的背面题写了这首诗。这幅照片后发表在1964年4月11日的《人民日报》上。

[说明]1961年，时值我国“三年困难时期”，作为国家主要领导人的毛泽东，彼时彼地，不能排除某些忧愤和苍凉悲壮的心绪。这年的9月9日，在“ 芦林一号”，他在李进所摄的“庐山仙人洞”照片背后写了这首七绝，借李进所摄的仙人洞照片，抒发自己的胸臆。原稿题目为“李进同志题所摄庐山仙人洞晚照 ”，下题“赠李进”。这首诗最早发表于人民文学出版社1963年12月版《毛主席诗词》中。
此诗为毛泽东于一九六一年所作，虽然所描写的场面较小，但却体现出了伟人从容不迫的心态。六十年代我国面临着极为严峻的国内外形势，错综复杂的内外 矛盾交迫，使国内局势出现恶化，国家困难重重，这是考验国人的关键时期，而作为国家领袖的毛泽东依旧表现出在大革命最艰难时的宏伟气魄，泰然处之，以积极 主动的心态迎挑战而上。伟人以高超的写作技巧将风云变幻的国际形势浓缩于此七绝之中，从中可以领略到作者“任凭风浪起，稳坐钓鱼台”的悠闲自得的超然风 度。
　　松树一向就是被国人视作坚强不屈、不怕压迫、敢于反抗、敢于斗争的精神象征，在暮色余辉中，更能激起人们对它的敬佩。即使是乱云飞渡而来，它仍 然从从容容，若无其事，显示了“劲松”不怕被包围的坚强风格。作者将当时的形势比作“暮色”，“劲松”比作自己以及敢于坚持真理、不惧外来压力的中国共产 党人和伟大的中国，涵盖深远，蕴魅无穷，给人以无限的想像空间，甚至于激起读者汹涌澎湃之激情、临危不惧之遐想。
　　“苍茫”为“无边无际、模糊不清”之意，“暮色苍茫”表当时的国际形势变幻莫测，但“劲松”依然刚劲挺拔，从容不迫。当时毛泽东面临具大压力， 国内由于天灾人祸带来的空前经济困难，使他受到来自各方面的指责。在国际环境中，美国第七舰队不断在台湾海峡游弋，核潜艇经常出没于日本冲绳海域，严重威 胁着我国安全，而苏联方面又因意识形态领域的分歧而背信弃义地扩大对我的经济制裁，使得我国的发展难上加难，雪上加霜。如何这对待一复杂局势？这的确是个 极大的考验，决不亚于情势严峻的大革命时期。
　　一个人精神上究竟能承载多大的极限负荷呢？又该怎么承受来自各方压力呢？而毛泽东仍然镇定“从容”，似乎是渴望地等待那激烈场面的到来，甚至很感兴趣地主动迎击而上，好“其乐无穷”地与之奋斗，一如既往地发挥他的斗争哲学，“梅花喜欢漫天雪”正合此意。
　　“天生一个仙人洞”亦实亦虚，虚实结合，从写意中取寓。“无限风光在险峰”可以说是对诗人一生的人生哲学的概写，在“暮色苍茫”的环境中，他独 能登临“险峰”，看“劲松”，观“乱云”，寄托着深遂而丰富的哲理的思考。将所描写之实物注入自己的意志，使人领会奇异于平淡之中。正如马克思所说：“在 科学上面是没有平坦的大路可走的，只有在那崎岖小路的攀登上不畏劳苦的人，有希望达到光辉的顶点。”（《“资本论”法文本的序和跋》）使我们不难联想到在 帝国主义反华的重压下，中国共产党人纵观五洲风云的“从容”人英姿和伟大气魄。
　　诗人能将复杂的社会局面同自己的意志寄寓于短短的28个字，足见其卓越的文学造诣。“劲松”、“乱云”、“从容”都具有特殊的象征意义，“神用 相通，情变所孕；物以貌求，心以理应”（刘勰语），此诗典型的艺术风格构造出不凡的意境，可以让人思维在此意境中任意驰骋，给人以刚键奇特之美，“吟咏之 间，吐纳珠玉之声；眉睫之前，卷舒风云之色。”（《文心雕龙•神思》）
　　另，至于文学界对是“劲松”“从容”还是“乱云”“从容”之争，其实大无必要，诗人既以“劲松”自比，“乱云”意为国内外形势，很明显“从容” 固理当为“劲松”之“从容”，就是显而易见的，有人说是“乱云”“从容”于情于景皆不妥，胡乔木先生之观点仅为“个人的一点看法”，可作参考。但对于这样 一首有严谨组合的诗来说，应当谨慎对之，深刻理会诗人之意，当为“劲松”于“乱云”之中“从容”。
　　就是诗人有“从容”之心态，才有“无限风光在险峰”，也不难想像，当时全国人民在黑暗中摸索，在崎岖小路上攀登，在艰难险阻中寻求治国自强的真 理，并表现出浩浩傲然之骨气，正是有这样的领导集团，才得以顶住了强大的外来压力，战胜了来自国外的挑战，使国内经济建设事业得以在困难中继续向前推 进，“不畏劳苦的人”正在“劳苦”中苦苦寻觅。
　　毛泽东正是有着这超然的气魄和智慧，才能将前苏联与美国两个超级大国玩弄于手掌之间，巧妙利用通过博弈所赢得的空间化解了许多危机和国内纷争，为新生的共和国赢得了自信。

written by Mao Zedong.
as the title by Lee Jin Comrade Zhao perturbation Lushan Fairy Cave”
September 9, 1961

At twilight looking at the srtong pine,
chaoic clouds flying over but still calm.
Naturally created a Fairy Cave,
Unlimited awesome scenery in the steep hills.

Amid the growing shades of dusk stand sturdy pines,
Riotous clouds sweep past, swift and tranquil.
Nature has excelled herself in the Fairy Cave,
On perilous peaks dwells beauty in her infinite variety.

This poem first published in the People’s Literature Publishing House in December 1963 edition of “Poems of Chairman Mao.” Fairy Cave
, under rocks in the Lushan bergamot, Kuling the West, about两丈, 34 Zhangting the deep pass to the Tang Dynasty by Lu Dongbin Habitat immortal, named. That is, Jiang Qing, Li Jin.
[title release] the summer of 1959, Li Jin (that is, Jiang Qing) the evening of the day, right in the Fairy Cave “Sally Road,” turn a dusk shot of the beautiful peaks of the Royal碑亭photos. Photos of a vigorous upper-right corner of the pine phase contrast, showing a particular type of environment, the background and atmosphere. In 1961, Mao Zedong wrote the name on the reverse side of this picture of this poem. After this picture was published in April 11, 1964 the “People’s Daily” on.
[note] In 1961, the value of China’s “difficult period of three years”, as state leaders Mao Zedong, he彼时and can not be ruled out, and some worried and indignant mind the tragic desolation. This year on September 9, in the “One芦林,” he taken in by Li Jin of the “Fairy Cave Lushan” photos behind the first七绝written by Li Jin of the Fairy Cave photo by photo, to express their own胸臆. Manuscript entitled “Comrade Li Jin Lushan title taken by night according to Fairy Cave”, under the title “Li Jin gifts.” This poem first published in the People’s Literature Publishing House in December 1963 edition of “Poems of Chairman Mao” in.
此诗by Mao Zedong in 1961, although the description of the smaller scenes, but it reflects the mentality of a great calm. Sixty years on behalf of our country is faced with very tough situation at home and abroad, both inside and outside the complex contradictions forced to pay, so that the deterioration of the situation in the country difficult, this is a crucial period for the test of the people, and as a national leader Mao Zedong is still the performance of the most difficult in the Revolution When the grand breadth of stride in order to pro-active attitude on the Face Challenges. Man with superb writing skills to the ever-changing international situation七绝of this enrichment, which can be realized that the author “rough despite tight Diaoyutai” in the leisure brought by the aloof demeanor. Pine
has always been regarded as strong and indomitable people, not afraid of oppression, the courage to resist courage to fight against the spirit of the symbol, in the afterglow of dusk, but also aroused admiration in it. Even from飞渡chaos cloud, it is still leisurely, as if nothing had happened, showing the “song” is not afraid of being surrounded by a strong style. The author of the situation at that time to a “twilight”, “Jinsong” than for themselves and the courage to uphold truth, and fear of external pressure on the Chinese communists and the great Chinese, covering the far-reaching, Yun endless magic, gives unlimited imagination , and even provoked a strong surge of passionate readers, the reverie临危不惧.
“World” as a “vast, vague” means “twilight” table of the international situation was unpredictable, but the “song” is still tall and straight bold, calm. Mao Zedong was facing a great pressure on domestic natural disasters as a result of the unprecedented economic difficulties, so that he had been subjected to criticism from all sides. In the international environment, the U.S. Seventh Fleet in the Taiwan Strait around constantly, nuclear frequented the waters of Okinawa in Japan, a serious threat to the security of our country, and the Soviet Union because of ideological differences between the field and bad faith for me to expand economic sanctions, making China’s development even more difficult, even worse. How to deal with a complex situation in this? This is a great challenge, no less than absolutely critical situation during the Great Revolution.
whether a person is mentally able to carry the load limit of how much it? From how the parties should bear the pressure? And Mao Zedong is still calm, “calm”, seems to be eagerly awaiting the arrival of the intense scenes, and even very interested and engaged in the initiative, the good “fun” to struggle with, as always, the struggle to exercise his philosophy, “Plum Blossom all over the sky like snow “are combined for this purpose.
“born of a Fairy Cave” is in fact true, combined with actual situation, from freehand put in check. “Infinite in the awesome scenery” can be said of the poet’s life to write an overview of the philosophy of life, in the “twilight” of the environment, he was able to board independence, “awesome” to see “Jinsong”, concept of “chaos cloud”, placed a深遂and rich philosophical thinking. Description of the kind will be injected by the will of its own, is singular in the plain of understanding. As Marx said: “In science there is no level above the road to take, and only in climbing rugged paths of the people who are not afraid of the working class, there is hope to reach the culmination of a brilliant 。”(”" Das Kapital,” the French version of the sequence and travel “) so that we can easily think of the weight of anti-imperialism, the Chinese communists Fengyun Throughout China’s” calm “person Yingzi and great boldness of vision. poet can
complex social situation寄寓with their will in a short span of 28 characters, showing its excellent literary attainments. “Jinsong”, “chaos cloud”, “calm” has a special symbolic meaning, “God with heart, and the situation changed by pregnancy; objects to Maung demand should be in the heart” (Liu Xie’s words), a typical artistic style此诗Construction of extraordinary mood, you can be thinking in this mood of any racing, just key peculiar to people of the United States, “between the chant, to cater to the Voice of Zhu Yu; imminent before the clouds roll Shu color.” ( “The Heart雕龙神思”)
another, as literature was a” Jinsong “” calm “or” chaos cloud “” calm “on the other are actually not necessary, the poet is to” Jinsong “Since than,” arbitrary Cloud “means the situation at home and abroad, it is clear that” calm “which should be solid as a” song “and” calm “is obvious, it was said to be” chaos cloud “” calm “in the situation in the King are wrong, Mr. Hu Qiaomu The only point of view “that the views of the individual”, for reference. But for this there is a rigorous combination of poetry, it should be cautious of, the profound meaning regardless of the poet, as a “song” in the “chaos cloud” of “calm.”
is the poet of “calm” the mentality to be “in the awesome scenery unlimited”, it is not hard to imagine, when people across the country in the dark, climbing in the rugged path, in the difficulties and obstacles in the search for the truth of self-rule and proudly show the mighty backbone, is the leadership of this group was able to withstand a strong pressure from outside, and beat the challenge from abroad, so that the cause of building the domestic economy to continue to move forward during difficult times, “do not fear of the laboring people “are” working class “in hard to find. Mao Zedong is
have this independent spirit and wisdom, in order to the former Soviet Union and the United States to play the two superpowers in the palm of your hand between the game through the clever use of space to resolve to win a lot of crisis and civil strife, in order to win the new-born Republic self-confidence.